請說明下列三句英語的不同及在no后接名詞時單復數的使用方法。

I have no brother.

I have no brothers.

I have not a brother.

have no brother 及 have no brothers 請說明下列三句英語的不同及在no后接名詞時單復數的使用方法。 I have no brother. I have no brothers. I have not a brother.



【解答】 在no后接不可數的事物時,是用單數, 如： I haveno water。所以但凡不可數的名詞,一概都用單數。成為問題的是那些可數的名詞,如問句中提出 other之類。

在“no+名詞”而成為動詞have的賓語時,也有種種不一樣的情形,現分別加以說明如下。

比如一把茶壺普通只有一個壸蓋,在這種情形下,說這茶壺沒壺蓋”時,當然是以用單數為原則:

This teapot has no lid. 同此類的,都用單數,如:

That cat has no tail. He has no father.

普通一個人只帶一只手表，外出只帶一架照相機

I have no watch. He has no camera

至于樹上的葉子勢必是不少的，飛螞蟻的翼翅勢必是成雙的，人的牙齒也有三十個以上，所以當然都要用復數名詞:

That tree has no leaves. The ant has no wings.

My grandmother has no teeth.

說到 brother如此的名詞，就非常難講了，由于有人只有一個哥哥或一個弟弟，有人則有好幾個兄弟，實在沒肯定，所以問句中的例 既能夠說，例也可以說，沒一點什么不一樣。

把no后接的名詞，用作單數或復數，全在說話者當時的感觸，假如他感覺他們只有一個兄弟他就用單數名詞；假如他感覺他們可能兄弟不少他就用復數名詞。二者并沒區別，只不過反映說話者的意識而已。再舉同樣情形的比如下:

She has no child .

I have no sister .

We have no egg left.

至于及 I have no brother與 I have not a brother兩句，意思是有的不一樣的。或句只不過說“我無兄弟”,而句則語氣要強得多,可譯成“我連一個兄弟也沒”。

There is no man who can do it.

There is not a man who can do it.

I have no book.

I have not a book.

There was no egg in the nest.

There was not an egg in the nest.

假如不是用在動詞have之后，或由 there is開頭的句中而是用于be動詞的場所,意思又不同了。

He is not a teacher.意為“他不是教書的”，他可能是公務員，也會是商人等等。

He is no teacher意為“他不是一個好教師，他教書簡直不成。這句比上句意思強得多。

He is not a poet.

He is no poet.

He is not a fool:

He is no tool.

It is not a joke.

It is no joke.

He is not a scholar.

He is no scholar.

I am not a coward.

I am no coward.

在 there is之后,“no+名詞”的單數或復數，和在動詞have后的情形一樣,可單可復,比如:

There is no stove in my room.因一間房屋中一般只裝個爐子,所以用單數。

There are no books on the shelf.因書架上一般要放很多本書,故用復數。

假如那名詞的數,一般可單可復,則說:

There is no bottle on the table. 或

There are no bottles on the table皆可。

在have以外的動詞，也可照此原則辦理，比如:

I saw no dog.

He wears no tie.

She wears no earrings.



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